27 September 1700 A.D. Innocent XII (Antonio Pignatelli) Dies—Rome’s 242nd; Variously, a Legate, Inquisitor & Governor; Induces French King Louix XIV to Revoke “Declaration of French Clergy”
27
September 1700 A.D. Innocent
XII (Antonio Pignatelli) Dies—Rome’s 242nd; Variously, a Legate,
Inquisitor & Governor; Induces
French King Louix XIV to Revoke “Declaration of French Clergy”
Ott,
Michael. "Pope Innocent
XII." The Catholic
Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton
Company, 1910.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08022a.htm. Accessed 2 Oct 2014.
Pope Innocent XII
Born at
Spinazzolo near Naples, 13 March, 1615; died at Rome, 27 September, 1700. Re
entered the Roman Curia at the age of twenty and
was successively made vice-legate at Urbino, inquisitor in Malta, and Governor of Perugia. Under Innocent X he became nuncio in Tuscany, and Alexander VII sent him as nuncio to Poland, where he regulated the
disturbed ecclesiastical affairs and united the Armenians with Rome. In 1668 he became nuncioat Vienna. Innocent XI created him Cardinal-Priest of San Pancrazio fuori le mura and Bishop of Faenza on 1 September, 1682,
then Archbishop of Naples in 1687. After the death
of Alexander VIII the cardinals entered the conclave at Rome on 11 February, 1691, but
neither the French nor the Spanish-Hapsburg
faction among the cardinals could carry its
candidate. A compromise resulted in the election of Cardinal Pignatelli on 12 July, 1691. In his Bull "Romanum decet
Pontificem" (22 June, 1692), which was subscribed and sworn to by the cardinals, hedecreed that in the future no pope should be permitted to
bestow the cardinalate on more than one of
his kinsmen. Towards the poor, whom he called his nephews,
he was extremely charitable; he turned
part of theLateran into a hospital for the needy, erected numerous charitable and educational institutions, and completed the large
court-house "Curia Innocenziana", which now serves as the Italian House of Commons (Camera
dei Deputati). In 1693 he induced King Louis XIV of France to repeal the
"Declaration of the French Clergy", which had been adopted in 1682. The bishops who had taken part in the
"Declaration" sent a written recantation toRome, whereupon the pope sent his Bull of confirmation to those bishops from whom it had been
withheld. In 1696 he repeated his predecessor's condemnation of Jansenism and in his Brief "Cum alias" (12
March, 1699) he condemned twenty-three semi-Quietistic propositions contained
in Fénelon's "Maximes".
Towards the end of his pontificate his relations with Emperor Leopold I
became somewhat strained, owing especially to Count Martinitz, the imperial
ambassador at Rome, who still insisted on
the "right of asylum", which had
been abolished byInnocent XI. It was greatly due to the arrogance of Martinitz that Innocent XII advised King Charles
II of Spain to make a Frenchman, the Duke of Anjou, his testamentary successor, an act which led to the
"War of the Spanish Succession".
Bullarium
Innocentii XII (Rome, 1697); RANKE, Die römischen Päpste, tr. FOSTER, History of the Popes, II (London, 1906), 425-7;
KLOPP,Hat
der Papst Innocenz XII im Jahre 1700 dem Könige Karl II von Spanien gerathen,
durch ein Testament den Herzog von Anjou zum Erben der spanischen Monarchie zu
ernennen in Historisch-Politische
Blätter, LXXXIII (Munich, 1879),
25-46 and 125-150; BRISCHAR in Kirchenlex.,s.v.
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