May 1350-1354 A.D. Callistus I—Constantinople’s 147th; Supporter of Gregory Palamas (Later Archibshop of Thessalonica); Mount Athos; Philotheou; St. Mamas at Tenedos; Hesychasm; Bitter & Persecutorial
May
1350-1354 A.D. Callistus
I—Constantinople’s 147th;
Supporter of Gregory Palamas (Later Archibshop of Thessalonica); Mount
Athos; Philotheou; St. Mamas at Tenedos;
Hesychasm; Bitter &
Persecutorial
Callistus I of
Constantinople
Contents
Life
Patriarchate
Death
References
Callistus I of
Constantinople
From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
Kallistos I (died 1363) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for two periods from June 1350 to 1353 and from
1354 to 1363. Kallistos I was an Athonite monk and supporter of Gregory Palamas. He died in Constantinople in 1363.
Contents
Life
Nothing is known of Callistus'
early life. He was a disciple of Gregory Palamas and Gregory of Sinai. He lived an ascetic life as a monk at Mount Athos in the Skete of Magoula of the Monastery of Philotheou for twenty eight years. He also founded the
Monastery of St. Mamas at Tenedos, a small island near the Dardanelles.
Patriarchate
Kallistos was elected to the
throne of the see of Constantinople in June 1350, succeeding Isidore I. In 1351, he convened a synod in Constantinople that finally established the Orthodoxy of Hesychasm.
Kallistos I and the ecumenical
patriarchs who succeeded him mounted a vigorous campaign to have the Palamite doctrine accepted by the other Eastern patriarchates as well as
all the metropolitan sees under their jurisdiction. However, it took some time
to overcome initial resistance to the doctrine.
One example of resistance was
the response of the Metropolitan of Kiev who, upon receiving tomes from Kallistos that expounded the Palamist
doctrine, rejected the new doctrine vehemently and composed a reply refuting
it.
According to Martin Jugie,
contemporary historians depict Kallistos as a "doctrinaire and brutal man
whose persecuting zeal it was necessary to restrain."[1]
In 1353, Kallistos refused to
crown Matthew
Kantakouzenos, son of emperor John VI Kantakouzenos, as emperor with his father and, as a result, was
deposed. After his deposition, Callistus returned to Mount Athos. In 1354, after
John VI abdicated, Kallistos returned as patriarch. After his return, Callistus worked to strengthen the administration of
the patriarchate. He reorganized the parish system of churches under the surveillance of a patriarchal exarch. He also strove to strengthen patriarchal control over various Orthodox
church jurisdictions, even to the extent of excommunicating Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia, for establishing the Serbian archbishop as an independent patriarch.
In 1355, Patr. Callistus of
Constantinople wrote to the clergy of Trnovo that those Latins who had baptized by single immersion should be
re-baptized. He called the baptism by one immersion most improper and full of
impiety. His view was based on the Apostolic canons which clearly state that
those baptized by one immersion are not baptized and should be re-baptized.
Death
Patr. Callistus died in 1363
while he was en route to Serres as a member of the embassy of emperor John V
Palaiologosseeking aid from Helena of
Bulgaria, Empress of Serbia against
the Ottoman Empire. Of note is that St. Maximus of Kapsokalyvia prophesied
the death of Patriarch Callistus. On his way to Serbia, Callistus traveled
through Mount Athos. Seeing him, St. Maximus said, "This elder will never
see his flock again for behind him is heard the funeral chant: "Blessed
are the undefiled in the way" (Psalm 119:1).
References
See also
|
Patriarch of Constantinople
1350–1354 1355–1363 |
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