Criminal Law, Perkins & Boyce (#3): Law of Homocide, pp.54ff: Place & Ti...

"Justifiable/excusable" and "criminal" homocides were distinguished. The issue of "malice aforethought" was broached. "Malice," as a matter of law, need not imply ill-will, grudges, or hatred as understood popularly, but may include compassionate mercy-killings, e.g. euthanasia.

Was Dr. Cranmer criminally culpable in the deaths of Elizabeth Barton, John Frith, Anne Askew, and/or John Lambert? Or, were these "justifiable" homocides?

Or, Queen Mary 1 and the reprobatish King Philip 11?

Or, abortions?