11 September 1279 A.D. Robert Kilwardby Dies—48th of 105 Archbishops of Canterbury
11
September 1279 A.D. Robert
Kilwardby Dies—48th of 105 Archbishops of Canterbury
Contents
·
1 Life
·
2 Works
Life
Kilwardby studied at the University of Paris,
then was a teacher of grammar and logic there. He then joined the Dominican Order and studied theology,[1] and became regent at Oxford University before 1261,[2] probably by 1245.[3] He was named provincial prior of the Dominicans for England in 1261,[4] and in October 1272 Pope Gregory X appointed him as Archbishop of Canterbury to
end a dispute over the election. Kilwardby was provided to the archbishopric on
11 October 1272, given the temporalities on 12 December 1272, and consecrated
on 26 February 1273.[5]
Kilwardby crowned Edward I and his wife Eleanor as king and queen of
England in August 1274, but otherwise took little part in politics. He instead
concentrated on his ecclesiastical duties, including charity to the poor and
donating to the Dominicans.[6]
In 1278 Pope Nicholas III named Kilwardby Cardinal Bishop of
Porto and Santa Rufina.[7] He then resigned Canterbury and left England,[5] taking with him papers, registers and documents belonging to the see. He
also left the see deep in debt again, after his predecessor had cleared the
debt.[8] He died in Italy in 1279 and was buried in the Dominican convent in
Viterbo, Italy.[7] While in theory this was a promotion, probably it was not, as the pope was
unhappy with Kilwardby's support of efforts to resist the payment of papal
revenues and with the lack of effort towards the reforms demanded at the Second Council of Lyon in
1274.[9]
Works
Included amongst his writings are De ortu scientiarum,
De tempore, De Universali, and some commentaries on Aristotle.[citation needed] He was also the author of a summary of the writings of
the Church Fathers, arranged alphabetically.[10] De tempore has been translated and edited by Alexander Broadie recently, and published as On Time and Imagination, Part 2:
Introduction and Translation. A critical edition of De orto scientiarum
was published by Albert G. Judy, for The Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval
Studies in 1976.
Kilwardby's theological and philosophical views were
summed up by David Knowles who said that he was
a "conservative eclectic, holding the doctrine of seminal tendencies and
opposing...the Aristotelian doctrine of the unity of form in beings, including
man."[11] Some sources state that he was the author of Summa Philosophiae, a
history and description of the schools of philosophical thought then current,
but the writing style is not similar to his other works, and Knowles, for one,
does not believe it was authored by Kilwardby.[12]
It has been alleged that Kilwardby was an opponent of Thomas Aquinas. In 1277 he prohibited the teaching of thirty theses, some of which have
been thought to touch upon Thomas Aquinas' teaching. Recent scholars, however,
such as Roland Hissette, have challenged this interpretation.[13][14]
Citations
ReferencesBritish History Online Archbishops of
Canterbury accessed on 11 September 2007
·
Bellenger, Dominic Aidan; Fletcher, Stella (2001).
Princes of the Church: A History of the English Cardinals. Stroud, UK:
Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-2630-9.
·
Burton, Janet (1994). Monastic and Religious
Orders in Britain: 1000–1300. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge UK:
Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37797-8.
·
Clanchy, C. T. (1993). From Memory to Written
Record: England 1066–1307 (Second Edition ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell
Publishing. ISBN 978-0-631-16857-7.
·
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I.
(1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third Edition, revised ed.).
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
·
Lawrence, C. H. (1965). "The Thirteenth
Century". In Lawrence, C. H. The English Church and the Papacy in the
Middle Ages (1999 reprint ed.). Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing.
pp. 117–156. ISBN 0-7509-1947-7.
·
Leff, Gordon (1975). Paris and Oxford
Universities in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: An Institutional and
Intellectual History. Huntington, NY: Robert E. Krieger Pub. Co. ISBN 0-88275-297-9.
·
Moorman, John R. H. (1955). Church
Life in England in the Thirteenth Century (Revised ed.). Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press. OCLC 213820968.
Further
reading
·
Tugwell, Simon (2004). "Kilwardby, Robert (c.1215–1279)". Oxford
Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15546.
Retrieved 12 March 2011. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
External
links
Archbishop of Canterbury
1273–1278 |
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